Pulmonary thromboembolism

Objective – To review the pathophysiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in small animals. Data Sources – Human and veterinary clinical studies, reviews, texts, and recent research in canine and feline PTE diagnosis and thromboembolic therapeutics. Human Data Synthesis – In humans, clinical probability assessment and point‐of‐care D‐dimer‐based algorithms are widely used. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography is the gold standard for PTE diagnosis in humans. Echocardiography is increasingly used for bedside assessment of affected patients. In low‐risk human patients anticoagulants alone are recommended while patients with cardiogenic shock are treated with thrombolytics followed by anticoagulation. Veterinary Data Synthesis – PTE is associated with numerous predisposing conditions causing hypercoagulability, blood flow stasis, or endothelial injury. Identifying at‐risk patients is key to diagnosis in small animals. Thromboelastography provides a method for identifying hypercoagulable patients. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography may replace selective pulmonary angiography as the imaging technique of choice for PTE diagnosis. PTE therapy consists of supportive treatment combined with appropriate, individualized thromboembolic pharmacotherapy for acute treatment and chronic management. Thrombolytic therapy for PTE remains controversial but may be indicated in hemodynamically unstable acute PTE. Thromboprophylaxis in specific conditions is rational although evidence of efficacy is limited. Prognosis depends upon degree of cardiopulmonary compromise and patient response to therapy. Mortality rates in small animals are unknown. Conclusions – New diagnostic techniques and advances in therapy offer significant potential for improvements in the identification and treatment of PTE in small animals. Further study must be directed to validating new diagnostic modalities and evaluating therapeutic regimes.     

微灌田间管网布置优化及参数分析

微灌工程是推进农业节水灌溉的重要手段,合理的田间管网参数设计是水利计算中的重要环节。为此,探索了田间灌水单元小区内满足灌溉管道运行安全的田间管网优化布置方案,建立以单位面积管道投入最低为目标函数且满足管道安全运行要求的双向布置田间管网优化设计数学模型,并应用遗传算法对永舒榆灌区典型区域进行优化计算。与原设计相比,单位面积工程造价减少64.8%,毛管投入占小区投入70.6%。分析了毛管管径、灌水器设计流量、灌水器间距对田间管网优化结果的影响,结果表明:在灌水单元小区形状不受限制条件下,使用更小管径的毛管、更大管径的支管,相对更经济。在毛管管径一定的情况下,改变灌水器设计流量和灌水器间距对于单位面积管道投入费用影响不大;灌水器设计流量和灌水器间距共同作用下,较小的灌水器设计流量和较大的灌水器间距有利于减小单位面积管道投入费用。研究结果可为不同作物种类、种植方式、供水能力等情况下的滴灌系统设计提供管道选择依据以及管网优化布局方案,也可以为企业开发不同规格灌溉管道提供参考。     

砒砂岩区坡面微地貌变化与侵蚀产沙的响应关系

为了定量描述坡面微地貌变化与侵蚀的响应关系,通过三维激光扫描仪,以严重侵蚀的砒砂岩区裸露坡面为研究对象,在自然降雨条件下进行野外原位监测,试验分析了两个雨季13次有效降雨下坡面微地貌与坡面侵蚀的空间变化特征。结果表明:(1)13次降雨中,重度侵蚀3次、中度侵蚀5次、轻度侵蚀3次、微度侵蚀2次,且均与降雨强度密切相关。(2)各地形因子均在R₄降雨时达到变化峰值,且其变化规律因坡位不同而有所差异,其中坡中与坡下变化规律基本一致,而上坡部地形因子波动起伏较为明显。(3)各地形因子间均存在一定的相关性,且坡位不同与产流产沙关系也不尽相同,其中产流量与微坡度相关性显著,随着坡位越靠下相关性越强。产沙量则在坡上及坡中与地表粗糙度表现为极显著相关,在下坡部与地表起伏度呈现出极显著相关。综上,坡面微地貌的变化一定程度上可以反映坡面侵蚀强度。     

全周期种植模式胶园土壤养分和微生物量碳分布特性

通过监测传统胶园与全周期种植模式胶园土壤的养分差异,探讨全周期种植方式对胶园土壤养分的影响。结果表明,传统胶园内离树越近的位点,土壤养分含量和微生物量碳越低;除速效磷外,全周期胶园内离树越近的位点,土壤养分含量和微生物量碳越高。总体而言,全周期胶园土壤全氮、无机氮和微生物量碳低于传统胶园,但均没有达到显著差异,而其土壤有机质、速效磷和速效钾含量高于传统胶园,其中速效磷含量达显著差异(P＜0.05)。与传统胶园相比,全周期种植模式主要影响土壤养分和微生物量碳的分布特征,其中土壤速效磷和速效钾含量亦相对较高,其他指标变化较小。     

苦皮藤素微粉剂对玉米中玉米象种群的控制

苦皮藤素微粉剂1和微粉剂2以不同的浓度混入玉米中,当使用剂量为1000mg/kg时,对玉米象成虫的种群繁殖抑制率分别为96.66%和96.02%,能有效控制玉米象成虫的危害,但对幼虫和卵的控制效果不明显。     

利用随机网络模型和CT数字图像预测近饱和土壤水分特征曲线

通过对连续土壤切片CT图像的分析,定量获取了土壤孔隙的大小分布情况。在此基础上建立了基于土壤孔隙形态学特征的随机网络模型,在孔隙尺度模拟了土壤中的水分运动过程,并预测了近饱和土壤水分特征曲线。结果表明,通过选取合适的模型参数,基于土壤孔隙形态学特征建立的随机网络模型可以模拟出与土壤样本实测值非常接近的水分特征曲线,可以作为一种快速测量的方法。     

AN INTRATHORACIC MALIGNANT PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMOR IN A DOG

A 7-year-old, neutered male Labrador Retriever presented for a persistent, productive cough and regurgitation. Radiography, ultrasonography, and computed tomography confirmed a large, smoothly marginated intrathoracic mass causing tracheal compression. The mass was removed via a thoracotomy, and a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, most likely originating from the ventral spinal nerve roots, was confirmed using immunohistochemistry.     

CT Real-time Analysis of Damage Evolution of Coal under Uniaxial Compression

In order to clarify the mechanism of rockburst, using the specified loading equipment and the CT machine, the real-time computerized tomography testing of coal under the uniaxial compression was completed. Through CT scanning, the clear CT images which included the stage from the microcrack clousre to the microcrack growth, bifurcation, development, failure and the post-failure stage were obtained. According to the CT values, the meso-damage evolution of coal under uniaxial compression was analysed, which provided the basis for the meso-damage evolution.     

常见生物显微制片方法的比较研究

对常见生物材料进行切片法和非切片法制片技术的比较,结果表明:不同的生物材料、不同的组织、选择不同的制片方法,可以提高生物显微制片的质量和效率,为生物显微制片技术的研究提供参考。